Key Functions of Literary Criticism Explained

Literary Criticism

Literary criticism

Literary criticism serves a crucial role in deciphering the various functions that literature fulfills on personal, societal, and universal scales. In an educational setting, the key functions of literary criticism include:

Functions of Literary Criticism

• Comprehension and Interpretation
• Analysis
• Evaluation
• Contextualization
• Meaning-Making
• Unraveling Implicit Authorial Intent
• Acknowledging Reader Response

A literary piece is evaluated based on two primary criteria:

• Epistemological and Aesthetic Dimensions
• Cultural and Global Influence of the Work

Significance and Relevance of Literature

​Literature transcends mere enjoyment; it profoundly shapes individual thought and plays an essential role in transmitting cultural values. When a piece is crafted with exceptional creativity, intellectual depth, and moral intent, it earns the title of literature and is preserved for future generations. The enduring quality of literary works is largely attributed to the intricate connections between individual experiences, socio-cultural contexts, and global perspectives. In his research paper, "Literature Is Us and We Are Literature: Global and Universal Perspective," Albrecht Classen explores the significance of literature on a worldwide scale.

Literary Theory

Critical Theory and Awareness

The Marxist and Feminist approaches to literary criticism have evolved into Critical Theory, which examines societal and cultural dynamics to expose, critique, and challenge existing power structures. However, an excessive focus on the social role of literature can lead to a form of activism. It is good for creating awareness in students. It can shape young minds to resist oppression, value individual freedom and cultivate a society that approves inclusion, equality, diversity and multiplicity. 

Epistemological Perspective

​This approach to literary theory and criticism centres on the nature of knowledge, emphasizing how we acquire understanding and discern truth from falsehood. When individuals engage with literature through an epistemological lens, it influences them on a personal level.

​We prioritize this aspect of literature because individuals form the foundation of society. There is hope in imparting wisdom to future generations to mitigate power struggles and exploitative tendencies that thrive on instant gratification, especially in the wake of rapid technological advancements.

Functions of Literature

​Literature serves as a reflection of human nature and nurtures it for the greater good, preventing misuse and manipulation. Literary criticism aims to reveal the unifying essence of literature and its ability to transcend boundaries. Before we appreciate a literary work from our preferred perspective, it is essential to evaluate the outcomes of our criticism and the potential impact of our research.